The Skull

Human Skull Anatomy

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Here are the names of the skull's components. This is important for artists to understand in in order to create realistic motions and muscle ghesteres. By utilizing different colours and a colour line, it is mentioned. A nd discover the differences between the skulls of men and women.

Identifying The Sex Of A Skull

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Forehead And Brow Ridge

Male foreheads are usually wider and higher than female foreheads. Males have a bony ridge running across the forehead and above the eyes. Females have a smooth forehead. Male foreheads are usually backwards sloping, whereas female foreheads are more vertical. Moreover, the vault of the skull is more rounded in males, whereas in females, the vault is flattened.

Jaw And Chine

Typically, the male jaw is wider and taller than the female jaw. Men tend to have wider, heavier-set jawlines with a flatter base and a sharper angle between the chin and jaw. This gives the male jawline a prominent “square” look. Women’s jawlines typically have rounded edges, are more tapered and pointed. Male chins have a more square and angular appearance than female chins. Males also have a heavier and wider jawbone than females. Female chins usually have a more rounded appearance, and the jawline is not as strong as on males.

A Male Skull

A Female Skull

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The Nose

Nose does grow with age, but only up to a certain point. After that, it may change size and shape; not because it's actually growing, but because of changes to the bone, skin, and cartilage that shape your nose. Cartilage is the strong, flexible tissue that supports the end of your nose.

These are the nose Cartilage, flexible tissue, and bones which are mentioned through colors so they can be understood easily.

Below are the screengrabs of what I did:

First rendom attempt of nose

Second practice attempt

The final attempt of the nose by taking reference from the reference photograph

REFERENCE

Basic sketch of nose

Plastic surgery of nose

Nose surgery, officially known as rhinoplasty, is a relatively common type of cosmetic surgery. The purpose of this procedure is to reshape the nose to suit the appearance desires of the patient.

For some people, a nose job may be a way of correcting a birth defect, repairing a facial fracture or fixing a medical problem that is causing breathing difficulties. For others, rhinoplasty may be done purely for cosmetic reasons, such as to address an aging, drooping nose and restore a younger-looking appearance.

Types of noses

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THE lips

The skin of the lip, with three to five cellular layers, is very thin compared to typical face skin, which has up to 16 layers. With light skin color, the lip skin contains fewer melanocytes.

The inner and outside skin colors of the mouth and lips are the same, were as the color of the lips is darker than the outer skin. There are names for the various parts of the lips that can be used as a reference while focusing on each and every lip detail.

Some tips to draw lips quickly in easy way to create it realistic.

First Attempt in Zbrush

Second Attempt

Third Attempt

Different shapes of lips

We can observe that different lips have various shapes, and to show this, consider the example from the Netflix series The Animal King, in which all of the actors have various lip shapes and a few of them are displayed below as examples..

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Downward-turned lips

Heart shaped lips

Jake Weary

Sohvi Rodriguez

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Bow-shaped lips

Carolina Guerra

Thin lips

Shawn Hatosy

Heavy lower lips

Leila George

Round lips

Houston Towe

Full lips

Ellen Barkin

Heavy upper lips

Dorian Missick

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Wide lips

Finn Cole

Plastic surgery of lips

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Lip augmentation is a cosmetic procedure that can give you fuller, plumper lips. These days, an injectable dermal filler is the most commonly used method of lip augmentation.Some people choose to inject fluids into their lips to alter the appearance of their lips because they are not happy with them. As a result, individuals can obtain lips that are attractive, though it can sometimes get worse and have really negative side effects.

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The main reason that lips begin to thin and lose their natural, full shape is due to a localized depletion of collagen. As we get older, the rate at which our body produces this vital protein begins its slow harsh demise. Once men and women reach their 20s, collagen is lost at a rate of about 1%-2% per year.

the ears

Hearing and body balance utilising the vestibular system are both functions of the ear in mammals. The outer ear, middle ear, and inner ear are often used terms to describe the mammal ear. The pinna and ear canal make up the outer ear. The word "ear" frequently refers to the exterior part alone because, in the majority of animals, only the outer section is visible.

Ear Line Angle

Different Human Ear Shapes

Attached vs Free Hanging Lobes

15 Minutes Quick Excise In Zbrush

First Try

Second Try

Third Try

At the time of birth, in proportion to the body, the external ear was even bigger than the large head and continued growing rather linearly throughout life, reaching the highest average lengths in the volunteers aged over 85 yrs. The large yearly increases during childhood began to diminish at as early an age as 8 or 10 yrs.

Human vestigiality

Vestigiality In humans, the vermiform appendix is sometimes called a vestigial structure as it has lost much of its ancestral digestive function. Vestigiality is the retention, during the process of evolution, of genetically determined structures or attributes that have lost some or all of the ancestral function in a given species.

Cauliflower ear is an irreversible condition that occurs when the external portion of the ear is hit and develops a blood clot or other collection of fluid under the perichondrium. This separates the cartilage from the overlying perichondrium that supplies its nutrients, causing it to die and resulting in the formation of fibrous tissue in the overlying skin. As a result, the outer ear becomes permanently swollen and deformed, resembling a cauliflower.

The most common cause of cauliflower ear is blunt trauma to the ear leading to a hematoma which, if left untreated, eventually heals to give the distinct appearance of cauliflower ear. The structure of the ear is supported by a cartilaginous scaffold consisting of the following distinct components: the helix, antihelix, concha, tragus, and antitragus. The skin that covers this cartilage is extremely thin with virtually no subcutaneous fat while also strongly attached to the perichondrium, which is richly vascularized to supply the avascular cartilage

the eyes

8 Different Types of Eye Shapes

The shape of your eyes can say a lot about you and can define your entire face. Here are some common eye shapes and a bit about them.

We are each different, even members of the same genetic family can have dramatically different features. As such, a prominent feature like eyes, something that we all tend to notice first, can differ greatly from person to person.Not only color can differ but also size and shape. Knowing a bit about different eye shapes can help you identify what your eye shape is or what the eye shape of someone you might know is. Here are eight of the most common eye shapes and a bit about them.

Mila Kunis

When it comes to eye forms, almond eyes are frequently regarded as being big, brilliant, and excellent. Almond eyes are fashioned like an almond turned on its side, with the inner corners being narrower and the outside area of the eye being wider and rounder. In animation, eyes with an almond shape are frequently employed.

The center of the round eyes will be rounded, and the corners will be rounded as well. A round eye may appear larger or more open than certain other eye types, even though it won't be round because there will still be an inner and outer corner. The center of rounded eyes will be larger, while the outer and inner corners will naturally narrow.

Cillian Murphy

The monolid eye shape is another eye type that is typically related to people of Asian origin. The crease that is located in the eye socket and the raised brow bone that allows you to view the moving eyelid give eyes a natural double-lipped appearance. As a person ages, the skin above the eye is likely to sag and the area beneath the eye may puff, which can narrow the eye further and make the monolid eye appear even narrower and smaller.

Lee Yoo Mi

Protruding eyes are those that appear to stick out more than other eye forms when the person's profile is turned. The eyes of someone who protrudes will be bigger and appear rounder. When you gaze straight at them, you will also be able to see more of the whites around the eyes. Round eyes are another name for protruding eyes, and they indeed have a round appearance. A very uncommon and distinctive trait is protruding eyes.

Amanda Seyfried

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Downturned eyes are another common eye shape. The weight of downturned eyes is sometimes heavier at the outer corners, which droop or turn downward while the inner corners turn upward. Due to their weight and tendency to have more skin around them, downturned eyes do have a tendency to age quickly.

Ian Somerhalder

Upturned eyes are on the opposite side of downturned eyes. You can see that the outside corner is higher than the inner corner by turning your head up. The outer margins and corners of eyes that are tilted upward will be thinner and higher up. As it is viewed as a very feminine and desirable attribute, this eye shape is frequently used in cartoons for women. You may determine if you have upturned eyes by looking at a plain-looking photo. The next step is to horizontally draw a straight line through the photo's pupil. You might have upturned eyes if the outer corners are above the line and the inner corners are below the line.

Angelina Jolie

Tom Hiddleston

Close-set eyes are another typical eye shape, or rather, eye orientation or facial positioning. Closely spaced eyes will be nearer to one another and the bridge of the nose. Any of the eye shapes we've already spoken about can be close-set, or they can be a blend of several shapes. When compared to people with wide-set eyes, those with close-set eyes will have eyes that are staring straight ahead. Tom Hiddleston or Keira Knightly are examples of famous people with close-set eyes. Close-set eyes have a remarkable appearance that is both intense and lovely. They are frequently a very distinctive characteristic.

Wide-set eyes are ones that are more spaced apart from one another than other eye orientations. Three of your eyes should fit side by side across your face at what is thought to be the ideal distance between them, based on the proportions of your face. You might be able to fit more than one eye if your eyes are wide-set.You will appear quite innocent or peaceful if your eyes are wide set, and many people find that they can trust someone who has wide-set eyes. Wide-set eyes are sometimes associated with an honest face or a very caring glance. Benedict Cumberbatch or Britney Spears are two celebrities with wide-set eyes.

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Benedict Cumberbatch

Eye-making practice in Zbrush

First Try

Second Try

Final try from taking reference from below photographer

Tarsal plates

The tarsal plates are two comparatively thick, elongated plates of dense connective tissue, about 10 mm (0.39 in) in length for the upper eyelid and 5 mm for the lower eyelid; one is found in each eyelid, and contributes to its form and support. They are located directly above the lid margins. The tarsus has a lower and upper part making up the palpebrae.

Plica semilunaris

The plica semilunaris is a small fold of bulbar conjunctiva on the medial canthus of the eye. It functions during movement of the eye, to help maintain tear drainage via the lacrimal lake, and to permit greater rotation of the globe, for without the plica the conjunctiva would attach directly to the eyeball, restricting movement. It is the vestigial remnant of the nictitating membrane which is drawn across the eye for protection, and is present in other animals such as birds, reptiles, and fish but is rare in mammals, mainly found in monotremes and marsupials. Its associated muscles are also vestigial. It is loose, thus eye movements are not restricted by it. Only one species of primate, the Calabar angwantibo, is known to have a functioning nictitating membrane. With ocular allergies, the lacrimal caruncle and plica semilunaris may be inflamed and pruritic (itchy) due to histamine release in the tissue and tear film.

Plica semilunaris in animals it is called the Nictitating membrane.

The nictitating membrane is a transparent or translucent third eyelid present in some animals that can be drawn across the eye from the medial canthus to protect and moisten it while maintaining vision. All Anura and some reptiles, birds, and sharks have full nictitating membranes; in many mammals, a small, vestigial portion of the nictitating membrane remains in the corner of the eye. Some mammals, such as cats, camels, polar bears, seals, and aardvarks, have full nictitating membranes. Often called a third eyelid or haw, it may be referred to in scientific terminology as the plica semilunaris, membrana nictitans, or palpebra tertia.